In EPAR Technical Report #317: Digital Financial Services & Gender, we examine trends in mobile money awareness (defined as knowing the name of any mobile money provider), adoption (defined as having ever used mobile money), and use (defined as use in the last 90 days). The following dashboard presents an interactive data visualization of our findings. See the table at the bottom of this page for definitions of concepts presented in the visualizations.
Hover over specific data points on the figures to discover more information about the data and characteristics represented. In order to filter the information presented in the charts by a particular variable, either: 1) select a category or a particular data point by clicking on the desired selection in the figure or legend (you can use CTRL to select multiple categories); or 2) select options from the filter menus at the bottom of the visual (“null” means the question was not answered by the respondent). To revert back to a prior selection or reverse your last action, use the undo and redo buttons in the bottom right of the visualization. Clicking the reset button or a blank space in the selected chart will return the visualization to the initial unfiltered view.
The Visualization
This visualization, produced using Tableau and based on EPAR Technical Report #317, summarizes data on the awareness, adoption, and use of mobile money. The interactive figures allow for the exploration of relationships among these various indicators.
This visual uses data from the first three waves of the Intermedia Financial Inclusion Insights (FII) Survey, a nationally-representative household survey conducted in 2013/14 (Wave 1), 2014 (Wave 2), and 2015 (Wave 3) in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, Tanzania, and Uganda.
The FII Survey is a cross-sectional, multi-stage stratified, clustered and randomized household survey of adults aged fifteen and over based on regional proportional distributions as determined by the most recently available national census data in each country. Samples were selected independently for each survey wave in each country, with no attempt to survey respondents from previous waves, and sample weights were assigned to proportionate census-based urban-rural and demographic breakdowns (Intermedia, 2016).
Sample
Table 1. Sample sizes by survey wave and country
| Kenya | Nigeria | Tanzania | Uganda | Bangladesh | India | Pakistan | Indonesia | Total | |
| Wave 1 | 3,000 | 6,002 | 2,997 | 3,000 | 6,000 | 45,024 | 6,000 | N/A | 72,023 |
| Wave 2 | 2,995 | 6,000 | 3,000 | 3,001 | 6,000 | 45,087 | 6,000 | 6,000 | 78,083 |
| Wave 3 | 2,994 | 6,001 | 3,001 | 3,000 | 6,000 | 45,036 | 6,000 | 6,060 | 78,092 |
| Cross-Wave Total | 8,989 | 18,003 | 8,998 | 9,001 | 18,000 | 135,147 | 18,000 | 12,060 | 228,198 |
Note: Sample sizes vary by country, with larger samples in countries with larger populations to support the goal of including a nationally-representative cross-section. The respondents are not tracked from wave to wave; rather, a new cross-section of respondents is surveyed in each wave.
Variable Definitions
| Variable | Definition |
| MM Awareness | Person is able to recall the name of at least one MM provider spontaneously or when prompted |
| MM Adoption (only asked of persons aware of some MM provider) | Person has ever used MM for any financial activity |
| MM Use (only asked of persons who had ever used MM) | Person has used MM for any financial activity in the last 90 days |
| Gender | Sex (Male or Female) |
| Married | Yes (monogamously or polygamous married) or No (not married) |
| Literate | Has basic literacy |
| Numerate | Has basic numeracy |
| Education Level | Highest level of education completed
|
| Employed | Employment status
|
| PPI Cutoff | Below the PPI Cutoff of $2.50/person/day |
| Owns a Bank Account | Has a bank account registered in their name |
| Owns a Phone | Personally owns a mobile phone |
| Owns a SIM Card | Personally owns an active SIM card |
| Official ID | Has an official ID |
| Rural | Lives in a rural area |
By Melissa Howlett
Summarizing research by Travis Reynolds, C. Leigh Anderson, Pierre Biscaye, Caitlin O’Brien-Carelli, Jack Knauer, Matthew Fowle, and Andrew Orlebeke